Center for Wellness and Aesthetics Institute
6/F Podium Bldg., The Medical City

For inquiries: (632) 8-988-1000 / 8-988-7000 loc. 6576
For scheduling: (632) 8-988-1000 / 8-988-7000 loc. 6386 / 6579
Fax Number: (632) 8-634-9399
Email Address: tmc_wcl@themedicalcity.com

Operating Hours:
Wellness and Aesthetics Institute (WAI - Outpatient):
Mondays to Saturdays, 7:00am to 5:00pm
Sundays and Holidays, Closed

Surgery Suite Aesthetics (WAI - SSA):
Mondays to Saturdays, 8:00am to 4:00pm
Sundays and Holidays, Closed

Wellness and Aesthetics Floor 7WA (Unit):
Mondays to Saturdays, 24 hours
Sundays and Holidays, By schedule

PATIENT SERVICES

Lab Testing for HIV and STD in the Philippines

What are Sexually Transmitted Infections?

STIs, sometimes referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. They can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some STIs can also be spread through non-sexual means, such as from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Many STIs can be asymptomatic, meaning individuals may not show any symptoms but can still transmit the infection to others, which makes lab testing for STDs or HIV important, especially for those who do not use condoms during intercourse.

What are the Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections?

Symptoms of STIs can vary widely depending on the type of infection and the individual. Common symptoms include:

• Burning sensation during urination
• Unusual discharge from the genitals
• Itching or irritation in the genital area
• Pain during intercourse
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Fever
• Rash or sores around the genitals, anus, or mouth

It's important to note that many STIs can be asymptomatic, particularly in their early stages. Regular lab testing for STDs is essential for sexually active individuals to detect infections that may not present noticeable symptoms.

What are the Types of Sexually Transmitted Infections?

There are several types of STIs, which can be categorized based on their causative agents:

1. Bacterial STIs
   • Chlamydia: A common bacterial infection that can lead to serious reproductive health issues if left untreated.
   • Gonorrhea: Another prevalent bacterial infection that affects the genitals, rectum, and throat.
   • Syphilis: A bacterial infection that progresses through stages and can cause severe complications if untreated.
   • Trichomoniasis: Caused by a protozoan parasite; it is often asymptomatic but can lead to discomfort and complications.
2. Viral STIs
   • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A virus that attacks the immune system and can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Regular HIV testing in the Philippines is crucial due to the rapid increase in cases, particularly among young people and in urban areas.
   • Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Causes genital herpes and cold sores; it remains in the body for life.
   • Human Papillomavirus (HPV): The most common STI; certain strains can lead to genital warts and cervical cancer.
   • Hepatitis B and C: Viruses that affect the liver; they can be transmitted through sexual contact.
3. Parasitic STIs
   • Pubic Lice (Crabs): Tiny insects that infest the pubic hair area.
   • Scabies: Caused by mites that burrow into the skin, leading to intense itching.

How Are STDs Tested for in the Philippines?

Various testing methods are used based on the type of infection and individual circumstances:

1. Types of STD Tests in the Philippines
   • Blood Tests: Commonly used testing method in the Philippines to detect infections like HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. A blood sample is drawn from a vein for laboratory analysis.
   • Urine Tests: Used for detecting chlamydia and gonorrhea through a urine sample, which is less invasive than blood tests.
   • Swab Tests: Involve collecting samples from specific areas (genitals, throat, or rectum) to test for infections like herpes, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
2. At-Home Testing Options. At-home kits allow individuals to collect samples (blood, urine, or swabs) privately and send them to a lab for analysis.
3. Physical Examination. A healthcare provider may conduct a physical exam to assess symptoms and perform pelvic exams if necessary.
4. Molecular Testing Methods. Advanced techniques like Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) provide accurate detection of pathogens' genetic material.

How Often Should You Get Tested for STDs?

Regular STD lab testing is essential for maintaining sexual health and preventing the spread of infections. Here’s a summary of how often you should get tested based on various factors:

1. General Recommendations
   • Annual Testing. All sexually active individuals should get tested at least once a year.
2. More Frequent Testing
   • High-Risk Individuals. Those with multiple partners or inconsistent condom use should consider testing every 3 to 6 months.
   • Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM). Testing is recommended at least once a year, but every 3 to 6 months is advised for those with multiple partners.
3. Specific Guidelines for Certain STDs
   • Chlamydia and Gonorrhea. Annual testing for sexually active women under 25 and MSM.
   • HIV. Everyone aged 13 to 64 should get an HIV test in the Philippines at least once, with annual testing for high-risk individuals.
   • Syphilis. Annual lab testing for MSM and individuals with HIV; pregnant women should be tested early and again in the third trimester if at risk.
   • Herpes. Routine screening is not recommended unless symptoms are present or there’s a known exposure.
4. Testing After Potential Exposure.
   • If exposed to an STD, testing should be done as soon as possible, but be aware of window periods for accurate results.

What are the Treatments Available for STIs?

The treatment for STIs varies depending on the type of infection:

1. Bacterial Infections. Most bacterial STIs are treatable with antibiotics. For example:
   • Chlamydia and gonorrhea are typically treated with a single dose of antibiotics or a short course of medication.
   • Syphilis is treated with penicillin injections, depending on the stage of the infection.
2. Viral Infections. While many viral infections cannot be cured, they can be managed with antiviral medications:
   • HIV is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which helps control the virus and allows individuals to live healthy lives.
   • Genital herpes can be managed with antiviral medications that reduce outbreaks and transmission risk.
   • HPV has no cure, but vaccines are available to prevent certain strains associated with cancer.
3. Parasitic Infections. Parasitic infections like trichomoniasis are typically treated with specific anti-parasitic medications.

It’s important for individuals diagnosed with an STI to inform their sexual partners so they can also seek testing and treatment.

How Can Sexually Transmitted Infections Be Prevented?

Preventing STIs involves several strategies:

1. Consistent Use of Condoms. Using condoms during vaginal, anal, and oral sex significantly reduces the risk of transmitting STIs.
2. Regular Testing. Regular STD and HIV testing in the Philippines is vital for sexually active individuals, especially those with multiple partners or those who engage in unprotected sex.
3. Vaccination. Vaccines are available for certain viral infections:
   • The HPV vaccine protects against strains of HPV that cause most cervical cancers and genital warts.
   • Vaccines for hepatitis A and B are also recommended for at-risk populations.
4. Abstinence or Monogamous Relationships. Choosing abstinence or maintaining a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner can reduce risk.
5. Education and Awareness. Understanding how STIs are transmitted and recognizing symptoms can empower individuals to seek help promptly.
6. Limiting Number of Sexual Partners. Reducing the number of sexual partners lowers exposure risk to STIs.